新疆两种野生葱浸提液对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

新疆野生葱属植物资源十分丰富,本文就其中两个具有浓烈辛辣气味的种－长喙葱和滩地韭的组织浸提液对棉花,番茄等主要作物病害病原真菌生长的抑制特性进行了研究。试验结果显示：长喙葱浸提液对镰孢菌,轮枝菌,丝核菌及疫霉菌的生长具有明显抑制效果,其10、20和50倍稀释液对丝核菌12h的抑菌率分别为100％,94％,80％,而其10、20倍稀释液对镰孢菌12h的抑菌率分别为100％、72．2％,滩地韭浸提液能抑制镰孢菌,轮枝菌的生长,但不影响丝核菌的生长,两类浸提液的抑菌效果均受温度影响。并随稀释倍数和作用时间的增加而减弱,长喙葱浸提液在4℃冷藏室内放置10d和在121℃条件下放置30min都会丧失长喙葱浸提液经透析去除小分子化合物,其上清液、沉淀都无抑菌作用,说明抑菌有效成分属小分子化合物。     

中国与欧美农业科技创新体系对比研究

农业科技创新发展已成为推动现代农业发展的重要原动力。近年来,中国步入农业科技创新发展的快车道,为探寻建立健全中国农业科技创新体系的路径与方法,对美国、英国、德国与中国的农业科技创新体系进行对比。结果表明：①农业产业的特殊性决定农业科技创新体系的特殊性,农业科技创新主体、农业科技创新环境、农业科技创新成果与应用、农业科技创新国际合作相互作用,构成完整的农业科技创新体系。②产学研紧密结合是美国农业科技创新体系的突出特点,英国则是注重政府引导、信息共享与知识服务,德国是信息化生态型农业科技创新体系代表,注重信息引领与绿色、可持续发展。③与欧美农业科技创新体系相比,我国农业科技创新体系仍存在一些不足,未来可从协调统筹、规划建设、队伍与机制建设等方面入手,全面推动我国农业科技创新体系发展建设。     

试析转型期文学的发展

二十世纪90年代,世界格局发生了根木的变化,人类试图在“全球一体化”的语境中寻求共同的利益。经济领域计划经济向市场经济的转型势必会引起上层建筑中文化、意识的转型。转型期的中国当代文学呈现出现代主义”与后现代主义”文化语境互相渗透,知识分子人文意识的变化与失落,文学创作的精神属性淡化与商品生产强化的特点。     

Canine renal failure syndrome in three dogs

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.     

根癌农杆菌介导Cry1Ac基因转化‘雪青’梨获得转基因植株

 以‘雪青’梨叶片愈伤组织为外植体, 经根癌农杆菌介导将CaMV35S启动子调控下的Cry1Ac基因导入‘雪青’梨。698块愈伤组织和231个Kan^r芽与携带表达载体质粒pBX203的根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404共培养3 d后, 转入含50 mg·L^-1 Kan的筛选培养基培养30 d, 15 d转接1次。结果表明,在MS + 5 mg·L ^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L^-1 IAA筛选培养基中, Kan^r芽率为34.24% , 在1/2MS + 2 mg·L^-1 IBA+ 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 500 mg·L^-1AC筛选培养基中, 15.58% Kan^r芽生根。共获得再生植株32株, 经PCR和Southern-blot分析证明, 其中4株的基因组已成功导入和整合Cry1Ac基因。     

花生幼苗不同切断及其愈伤组织的农杆菌介导转化

试验进行了不同花生外植体（成熟胚的幼叶、胚轴、子叶等）的直接农杆菌转化与花生愈伤组织的农杆菌转化,比较其感染后的诱芽与上分化生长情况,并对影响农杆菌介导转化花生的因素进行了探讨.结果表明农杆菌的生长状况、浓度及侵染时间和筛选剂的浓度是影响农杆菌介导花生转化的主要因素;褐化是影响其转化的关键问题.     

Land-cover and structural changes in a western Norwegian cultural landscape since 1865, based on an old cadastral map and a field survey

Many studies of land-cover and structural changes in cultural landscapes have used historical maps as a source for information about past land-cover. All transformations of historical maps onto modern coordinate systems are however burdened with difficulties when it comes to accuracy. We show that a detailed land survey of the present landscape may enable transformation of an old cadastral map directly onto the present terrain with very high accuracy. The detailed resulting map enabled us to locate remnants of semi-natural grasslands and man-made structures with continuity from 1865 and to test hypotheses about relationships between landscape changes and landscape characteristics. The main land-cover change 1865–2002 was decrease of arable fields, and addition of three new land-cover classes: horticultural, orchard and abandoned areas. Of the 330 man-made structures present in 1865, only 58 remained in 2002, while 63 new structures had been built after 1865. We found that semi-natural grasslands with continuity since 1865 were situated on ground with significantly lower production capacity than mean 1865 production capacity. The man-made structures with continuity since 1865 were also associated with areas with significantly lower production capacity than the 1865 mean, situated in significantly steeper terrain but not further from the hamlet. Our study illustrates the potential of digitised and accurately transformed historical cadastral maps combined with detailed field surveys for analysis of land-cover and structural changes in the cultural landscape.     

Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production of transgenic plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD

Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Micro-Tom was developed to use in corporation of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes CsZCD (Crocus zeaxanthin 7,8-cleavage dioxygenase). From these experiment, a transformation methodology using explants from cotyledons cultured for 1 day on the medium with zeatin 2 mg/L, IAA 0.1 mg/L, carefully submerged in the Agrobacterium inoculum for 20 min, then concultured with the agrobacterium for 3 days on the same medium, followed by a transfer to the same medium with 500 mg/L cefotaxin for 3 days and then by a transfer to the same medium with 100 mg/L kanamycin and 500 mg/L carabenillin for 6–8 weeks and resulted in a greater than 20% transformation efficiency in the concentration of Agrobacterium OD600 = 0.2 tested. In this transformation method, no feeder layers were used and the subculture media was minimal. Among the Agrobacterium concentrations of OD600 = 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0, the best transformation efficiency, 20.87%, was obtained by using OD600 = 0.2, which was significantly higher than that of OD600 = 1.0. The presence of the inserted target genes was checked using a rapid and efficient PCR test. The protocol was successfully employed in the production of transgenic Micro-Tom tomato containing the carotenoid biosynthesis CsZCD under constructive promoter. This procedure represents a simple, efficient and general means of transforming tomato.     

转基因抗病毒病四倍体西瓜的培育

利用西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)外壳蛋白(CP)基因、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(ZYMV)复制酶(NIb)基因和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)复制酶基因构建三价基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化四倍体西瓜植株,经分子检测证明目的基因成功地导入西瓜植株,并在后代中稳定遗传。经温室及大田接种鉴定,T3代转基因西瓜抗病毒性达中抗水平,为抗病毒无籽西瓜新品种的培育提供了可能性。     

地域民族传统文化与西部开发中技术转移关系的思考

地域民族传统文化与技术转移的关系密切,地域民族传统文化不仅是一种重要的文化资源,同时还对技术转移存在极大的促进作用,但有时还会阻碍技术转移的进一步实施与实现。西部大开发必须进行必要的技术转移,由于少数民族地区某些文化的滞后性和封闭性,使西部开发中技术转移与其民族传统文化产生了摩擦,超越传统文化,克服陈旧意识,转变思想观念,不断创新,营造先进的文化环境,为技术转移培育强劲的民族文化内动力,是消除技术转移与传统民族文化摩擦的有效措施。